【第1篇 初一下冊英語1-6單元知識點總結(jié)
unit 1 can you play the guitar ? 1、can+動詞原形,它不隨主語和數(shù)而變化。 (1)含有can的肯定句:主語+can+謂語動詞的原形+其他。 (2)變一般疑問句時,把can提前:can+主語+動詞原形+其他? 肯定回答:yes,主語+can。否定回答:no,主語+can't. (3)含有can的否定句:主語+can't+動詞的原形+其他。 (4)含有can的特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+can+主語+動詞原形+其他? 2、may+動詞的原形。(may為情態(tài)動詞)一般疑問句是把may提前, 肯定回答是:yes,主語 +may。否定回答是:no,主語+mustn't?;騪lease don't。 join+某個組織,俱樂部,party,參軍,黨派等 “加入” join sb. “參加到某人中” join in (doing)sth “加入做......,參加某個活動” join in=take part in +活動,比賽 3、說某種語言:speak+語言 4、play+球、棋、牌;play+the+樂器。 5、擅長于(做)什么:be good at +名詞/動ing 6、幫助某人做某事:help sb. (to ) do sth. help sb. with sth. 7、我能知道你名字嗎?may i know your name? 8、想要做什么:want to do sth 例如:i want to learn about art. 9、what club do you want to join? i want to join the chess club and the basketball club. 10、what club does tom want to join? he wants to join the swimming club . 11、he can’t play the violin or the piano. can you help kids with swimming? 12、why do you want to join the english club? because i want to learn english well. unit 2 what time do you go to school ? 1、what time和when引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。 (1)對時間提問用what time,也可以用when。詢問鐘點時用what time,詢問日期、月份、年份時用when。 (2)詢問做某事的時間時,兩者可以互換。 (3)其他詢問時間的句子: what's the time? =what time is it?現(xiàn)在幾點了? 時刻表達(dá)法:順讀法和逆讀法。 (1)順讀法:“鐘點+分鐘”直接讀數(shù)字。 (2)逆讀法:借助介詞past或to表示,要先說分再說鐘點。 a.當(dāng)分鐘不超過30分鐘時(包括30分鐘),即<或=30,用past表示。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:“分鐘+past+整點” 意為“幾點過幾分”。 b.當(dāng)超過30分鐘時,即>30,用to表示。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:“所差分鐘(即60—所 過分鐘數(shù))+to+下一個整點”,to譯成“差”,差幾分鐘到幾點。 c.當(dāng)分鐘為30分鐘用half表示,當(dāng)分鐘為15分鐘用a quarter。 2、always 總是>usually 通常>often常常>sometime 有時 3、watch+tv、球賽 “觀看,觀賞”,特指長時間注視。 see+電影、醫(yī)生 “看見”,強調(diào)看的結(jié)果。 look “看”,強調(diào)看的動作,look后接賓語時要用介詞at。 read+書刊、雜志 “閱讀” 4、listen to +賓語 6、take a shower “淋浴” 7、eat breakfast 吃早餐 5、go to +地點名詞 如:go to school go+地點副詞 如:go home unit 3 how do you get to school? 一、本單元知識點總結(jié) 1.get to school 到校 2.take the subway 乘地鐵 3.take the train 坐火車 4.leave for 到……地方去,離開去某地 5.take…to…把……帶到…… 6. most students 大多數(shù)學(xué)生 7. from…to…從……到…… 8.think of 想到,想起 9.ride bikes 騎自行車 10.in other parts of the world 在世界的其他地方 11. how far 多遠(yuǎn) (路程、距離) 12.how long多長(時間) 13.take the train to school 乘火車去上學(xué) 14.in places 在一些地方 15.go to school by boat乘船去上學(xué) 16.on the school bus乘坐校車 17.be different from和……不同 18.one 11-year old boy 一個十一歲大的男孩 二、重點知識詳解 1.take +a/an/the+表示交通工具的名詞,乘……去某地,是動詞短語,在句中作謂語。 he takes the train. take the subway乘地鐵 take a walk散步 take a shower洗個澡 take a rest休息一會 take a seat 坐下 take some medicine 吃藥 2.by+表示交通工具的單數(shù)名詞或on/in+ a/an/the/one’s+表示交通工具的單數(shù)名詞,是介詞短語作方式狀語。 i get to school by bike. = i get to school on my bike. 3.walk/ride/drive/fly+to+地點名詞,步行/騎自行車/開車/坐飛機去某地 表示乘交通工具方式可以互換表達(dá)相同的意義: take the bus to school=go to school by bus=go to school on a bus drive a car to work=go to work by car=go to work in a car fly to shanghai=go to shanghai by plane/air=take the/a plane to shanghai=go to shanghai on a/an/the plane. 4.get表示“到達(dá)”,后接名詞需加to,接地點副詞不加to. reach 給示到達(dá),是及物動詞,其后直接接賓語。 arrive in+大地點 arrive at +小地點 后接副詞不需介詞。 5. it takes sb some money/time to do sth.花費某人多少時間/錢做某事 sb pay some money for sth 某人為某物花費多少錢 sb spend some time/money on sth 某人在做某事或某物上花費時間/錢sb spend some time/ money (in)doing sth sth cost sb some money 某物花費某人多少錢 6. how far is it from a to b?=how far is b from a? 答語有兩種:w ww._ kb 1.c om (1) it’s…meters/miles/kilometers(away)有……米/英里/千米(遠(yuǎn)) (2) it ‘s about ten minutes’ walk/ ride. 大約有十分鐘步行/騎車的路程。 7have to 后加動詞原形,側(cè)重客觀的需要,有“不得不,被迫”之意,有多種時態(tài)形式,否定式為don’t have to(needn’t)意為“不必”。 must 側(cè)重于說話者的主觀看法,認(rèn)為有必要或有義務(wù)做某事,只有現(xiàn)在時一種形式,否定式must’t意為“一定不要,不允許,禁止”反意詞為“needn’t”。 8.感謝用語:thank you very much , thanks a lot , many thanks. 三、語法歸納 (一)how 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句 1.how 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句提問交通方式,其答語分三種情況: a. take a/an/the+交通工具(單數(shù)) b. by+交通工具(單數(shù)) c. on/in+限定詞+交通工具 2. how far 用來提問距離,多遠(yuǎn),其答語分為兩種: (1)用長度單位表示:it is five kilometers. (2)用時間表示:it’s twenty minutes’ walk. 3.how long 用來提問時間,意為多久回答常用“for+段時”。 ----how long have you learnt english? ----for 3 years. how soon 用來提問做完某事還需要多長時間, 常用于將來時態(tài)時, 常用“in+時間段”來回答。 ――how soon will you arrive in beijing? ----in 3 hours. unit 4 don’t eat in class 肯定的祈使句: (1) 實義動詞原形+其他; (2) be動詞原形+形容詞+其他; (3) let sb do sth. 否定的祈使句: (1) don’t+實義動詞+原形; (2) don’t be+形容詞+其他; (3) don’t let sb do sth (4) no+ving. 練:(1) my mother said to me, “tom, _______ in bed.” a. not read b. doesn’t read c. don’t read d. didn’t read (2) don’t __________ (fight). = no __________ (fight). 2. 不要遲到:don’t arrive late. = don’t be late. (arrive = be) 上課/上學(xué)不要遲到:don’t arrive (be) late for class/school. 3. 主語省略(無主語):don’t arrive late for class. 主語不省略(有主語):we can’t arrive ;ate for class. 4. 在學(xué)校我們必須穿校服:we have to wear uniforms at school. 句型:不得不/必須做某事:have to do sth 否定:不必做某事:don’t have to do sth 穿校服:單數(shù):wear a uniform 復(fù)數(shù):wear uniforms a. can b. may c. must d. have to 5. 在我家里有太多的規(guī)矩:i have too many rules in my house. 詞組:太多…:too many… 6. 我從來沒有任何快樂:i never have any fun. (never譯為“從來沒有”,表示否定,否定句中表示“任何,一些”,用any) 7. 不要大聲說話:don’t talk loudly. 請大聲說:speak loudly, please. 8. 他擅長于唱歌:he is good at singing. 句型:擅長于做某事:be good at doing sth 9. 表示“地點”的詞組: (1) 在教室里:in the classroom 在課堂上:in class (2) 在走廊上:in the hallways 在學(xué)校里:at school = in school 10. 表示“時間”的詞組: (1) 下課后:after class 放學(xué)后:after school (2) 在上學(xué)的白天/晚上:on school days/nights 比較:at night (3) 到晚上10點鐘之前:by 10 o’clock p.m. 11. (1) with 和; 如:he lives in beijing with my parents. (不能用and) (2) with 戴著; 如:do you know the fat man with a hat? (不能用wears) (3) with 有著; 如:it’s an old house with a beautiful garden. (不能用has) unit5 why do you like pandas? 1. –讓我們先去看考拉。-- let’s see the koalas first. (first翻譯為“首先”) –你為什么最喜歡考拉?-- why do you like koalas best? (best翻譯為“最”) --因為它們很可愛。-- because they are very cute. 句型:讓某人做某事:let sb do sth 2. –你為什么不喜歡老虎?-- why don’t you like tigers? --因為它們有點嚇人。-- because they are kind of scary. ① 在此處,表示“不”,只要在do后加not即可。 ② 有點…:kind of+形容詞 = a little+形容詞 3. 你還喜歡別的什么動物? what other animals do you like? (后有animals, other不加s) 你喜歡和別的年輕人工作嗎? do you like to work with other young people? this isn’t my sweater. it’s __________ (you). are all these children __________ (you)? 4. 他是一個8歲的男孩:he is an 8-year-old boy. (后有名詞boy, 用連字符,year用原形) 他8歲:he is 8 years old. (后無名詞boy, 不用連字符,歲數(shù)大于1,year變復(fù)數(shù)) 5. 請保持安靜:please be quiet. = please keep quiet. (keep譯為“保持”,= be) 6. 他每天通常睡和放松20個小時:he usually sleeps and rela_es 20 hours every day. 每天:every day (要分開) 連在一起的everyday翻譯為“日常的”,是個形容詞。 7. 和某人玩:play with sb (倒翻) 8. 在白天:during the day = in the day 在此處,during = in 9. 在晚上:at night = in the evening 在上學(xué)的晚上/白天:on school nights/days 10. 吃草:eat grass 吃葉子:eat leaves (leaf的復(fù)數(shù)形式) 吃肉:eat meat 11. 相似單詞比較:(1) 草:grass (不可數(shù),無復(fù)數(shù)) (2) 玻璃:glass 復(fù)數(shù):glasses 眼鏡 12. 漢語:因為…,所以… 英語:because…, so… (不能同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子中) 漢語:雖然…,但是… 英語:though…, but… (只能使用其中一個) 如:_______ tom is tired, _______ he wants to have a food rest. a. because, so b. though, but c. /, so d. /, but 13. (1) first num. 第一; 如:sunday is the first day of a week. (2) first adv. 首先;首先:at first 如:let’s see the koalas first. 14. (1) best adv. 最; 如:why do you like koalas best? (2) best adj. 的; 如:who do you think is the best teacher in your class? 15. (1) very adv. 非常(放在形容詞前); 如:the koalas are very cute. (2) very much 非常(放在動詞后); 如:thank you very much. 16. (1) kind(s) of n. 種類; 如:there are many kinds of anmals in the zoo. what kind of noodles would you like? (2) kind of = a little adv. 有點;(無形式變化) 如:he is kind of lazy. (3) kind adj. 和藹的,友善的; 如:it’s kind of you to help me with my english. 17. 樹葉:leaf 復(fù)數(shù):leaves 變化規(guī)則:去f加ves; 18. 小偷:thief 復(fù)數(shù):thieves 變化規(guī)則:去f加ves. unit6 i’m watching tv 1. 現(xiàn)在進行時的結(jié)構(gòu):主語+be+ving. (be動詞和動詞+ing兩者缺一不可) 考題形式:(1) 已知be動詞,考后面的動詞形式(要加ing); (2) 已知后面的動詞+ing, 則前面用be動詞。 如:(1) the boy is _________ (run) with his father. (2) some children are __________ (lie) on the grass. (3) my brother and i are __________ (play) soccer. (4) his sister is __________ (read) a book. 2. --你正在做什么?-- what are you doing? --我正在看電視。-- i’m watching tv. 3. 那聽起來很棒:that sounds great/good. 4. 謝謝你的信和照片:thanks for your letter and the photos. ① 謝謝某東西:thanks for sth ② 句型:謝謝做某事:thanks for doing sth 5. 這是我的一些照片:here are some of my photos. (“一些照片”是“復(fù)數(shù)”,be用are) 這是我的一張全家福照片:here is a photo of my family. (“一張照片”是“單數(shù)”,be用is) 6. 句型:忙于做某事:be busy doing sth 如:his brother is busy _________ (write) stories in his room. 7. 表示“活動”的“動詞詞組” ① 做家庭作業(yè):do one’s homework ② 打掃房間:clean the room ③ 吃晚飯:eat dinner ④ 打電話:talk on the phone = make a telephone call ⑤ 看書/看報/看雜志:read books, read newspapers, read magazines ⑥ (學(xué)生)上課:have an english class (老師)上課:give an english class ⑦ 舉行晚會:have an evening party ⑧ 和某人說再見:say goodbye to sb 8. 在購物中心:at the mall 在游泳池:at the (swimming) pool 在學(xué)校:at school 在體育館里:in the gym 9. 在第一張照片中:in the first photo 在第二張照片中:in the second photo 在下一張照片中:in the ne_t photo 在最后一張照片中:in the last photo 10. 等汽車:wait for the bus 在汽車站等(某人):wait (for sb) at the bus stop 11. 我的兄弟和我:my brother and i (要把“我”放在后面) 12. (身體)好,健康:well = fine 如:-- how is your mother? -- she is _______. 13. 活動:activity 復(fù)數(shù):activities (以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,去y加ies) 玩具:toy 復(fù)數(shù):toys (以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的,直接加s) 14. (1) 也:also 用于“肯定句的句中”; (2) 也:too 用于“肯定句的句末,前加逗號”; (3) 也:either 用于“否定句的句末,前加逗號”。 15. (1) show n. 節(jié)目;如:tv show, sports show, game show, talk show (2) show v. 給…看;如:can you show me your family photo? i’ll show you the way. (3) show v. 表演;如:can you show us beijing opear? 一般現(xiàn)在時 the simple present tense 一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài) ;表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作;表示主語具備的性格和能力等。例如: 1、he is twelve. 他十二歲。2、i go to school at seven every day. 3、they speak japanese. 一般現(xiàn)在時常和表示時間頻度的副詞連用。如:often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever等。 1. i often read books in the evening. 2. do they usually go to school by bike? 3. he doesn’t like milk. he never drinks it. 4. sometimes my mother gets back at five. 一般現(xiàn)在時常和以下時間表達(dá)法連用。如:in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night, every day, on sunday(s), at seven 等。 do they have math in the morning? she sleeps nine hours every night. it takes me two hours to do my homework every day. they don’t have classes on sundays. 它有三種形式: 一、謂語是be的一般現(xiàn)在時。 1、肯定形式是:主語+be+表語(形容詞、名詞充當(dāng)表語)。 2、否定形式是:主語+be+not+表語(形容詞、名詞充當(dāng)表語)。 3、一般疑問句是:be+主語+表語(形容詞、名詞充當(dāng)表語)? 肯定回答是:yes,主語+be. 否定回答是:no, 主語+ be+not. 4、特殊疑問句是:特殊疑問詞+be開頭的一般疑問句? 注意:be要隨著主語變。 二、謂語是情態(tài)動詞can/may.....+動詞原形的一般現(xiàn)在時。 1、肯定形式是:主語+情態(tài)動詞can/may.....+動詞原形+賓語。 2、否定形式是:主語+情態(tài)動詞can/may.....+not+動詞原形+賓語。 3、一般疑問句是:情態(tài)動詞can/may.....++動詞原形+主語+賓語。 肯定回答是:yes,主語+情態(tài)動詞. 否定回答是:no, 主語+ 情態(tài)動詞+not. 4、特殊疑問句是:特殊疑問詞+情態(tài)動詞can/may.....開頭的一般疑問句? 注意:情態(tài)動詞can/may.....+動詞原形。 三、謂語動詞是實義動詞及物動詞或不及物動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時。 1、肯定形式是:“主語+及物動詞+賓語”或“主語+不及物動詞”。 2、否定形式是:“主語+don't/doesn't+及物動詞+賓語”或 “主語+don't/doesn't+不及物動詞”。 3、一般疑問句是:“do/does+主語+及物動詞原形+賓語”或 “do/does+主語+不及物動詞原形”。 肯定回答是:yes,主語+do/does. 否定回答是:no, 主語+ don't/doesn't. 4、特殊疑問句是:特殊疑問詞+do/does開頭的一般疑問句? 注意:根據(jù)主語確定用do還是does。 動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成:(用于第三人稱單數(shù)、可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞的一般現(xiàn)在時中)? 1、直接加--s look—looks read—reads play—plays stop—stops 2. 在字母s, _,ch,sh,o后加--es miss—misses fi_—fi_es watch—watches wash—washes go—goes do--does 3. 輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞變y為i,再加-es carry–carries study–studies hurry–hurries cry–cries 4.特殊的 have -- has 現(xiàn)在進行時 (1)構(gòu)成形式:be動詞+動詞的ing形式 這里強調(diào)一點,兩者缺少其中任何一種都不可以構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進行時。 (2)現(xiàn)在進行時表示動作正在進行或事情正在發(fā)生。 (3)有用的依據(jù):一個句子中既有be動詞,又有動詞,且動詞加了ing ←→ 該句是現(xiàn)在進行時 (4)句中往往有now、look、listen等詞。 動詞現(xiàn)在分詞的變化見下表: 詞尾情況 變化方式 例詞 一般情況 加—ing play玩—playing do做—doing go去—going jump跳—jumping sing唱—singing ski滑雪—skiing see看見--seeing 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾 去e加—ing make做—making take拿到—taking write寫—writing dance跳舞—dancing have有—having close關(guān)—closing 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞,中間只有一個元音字母,詞尾只有一個輔音字母 雙寫最后一個輔音字母再加—ing swim游泳—swimming sit坐—sitting run跑—running get得到—getting put放—putting begin開始—beginning jog慢跑—jogging 同音詞: too---two----to buy---by i---eye four----for there----their right----write sun----son no----know here---hear who’s----whose 近義詞: many----a lot of / lots of large----big desk----table photo---picture lamp----light like----love open----close black----white here----there 完整形式:let’s=let us(讓我們) i’d=i would can’t=can not i’m=i am 詞性變換:one(序數(shù)詞) first monkey(復(fù)數(shù))monkeys skiing(原形)ski is(復(fù)數(shù))are families(單數(shù))family make(現(xiàn)在分詞)making we are(縮略形式)we’re do(第三人稱單數(shù))does have(第三人稱單數(shù))has photo(復(fù)數(shù))photos good(反義詞)bad 做題目時一定要記?。?can+動詞原形 like+動詞ing like+名詞復(fù)數(shù) play+足球類 play the +樂器類 how many +名詞復(fù)數(shù) would like +to+動詞原形 let’s+動詞原形 現(xiàn)在進行時:be(am,is,are)+動詞ing 動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式
【第2篇 初一下冊英語知識點總結(jié)資料
unit 1 can you play the guitar ? 1、can+動詞原形,它不隨主語和數(shù)而變化。 (1)含有can的肯定句:主語+can+謂語動詞的原形+其他。 (2)變一般疑問句時,把can提前:can+主語+動詞原形+其他? 肯定回答:yes,主語+can。否定回答:no,主語+can't. (3)含有can的否定句:主語+can't+動詞的原形+其他。 (4)含有can的特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+can+主語+動詞原形+其他? 2、may+動詞的原形。(may為情態(tài)動詞)一般疑問句是把may提前, 肯定回答是:yes,主語 +may。否定回答是:no,主語+mustn't?;騪lease don't。 join+某個組織,俱樂部,party,參軍,黨派等 “加入” join sb. “參加到某人中” join in (doing)sth “加入做......,參加某個活動” join in=take part in +活動,比賽 3、說某種語言:speak+語言 4、play+球、棋、牌;play+the+樂器。 5、擅長于(做)什么:be good at +名詞/動ing 6、幫助某人做某事:help sb. (to ) do sth. help sb. with sth. 7、我能知道你名字嗎?may i know your name? 8、想要做什么:want to do sth 例如:i want to learn about art. 9、what club do you want to join? i want to join the chess club and the basketball club. 10、what club does tom want to join? he wants to join the swimming club . 11、he can’t play the violin or the piano. can you help kids with swimming? 12、why do you want to join the english club? because i want to learn english well. unit 2 what time do you go to school ? 1、what time和when引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。 (1)對時間提問用what time,也可以用when。詢問鐘點時用what time,詢問日期、月份、年份時用when。 (2)詢問做某事的時間時,兩者可以互換。 (3)其他詢問時間的句子: what's the time? =what time is it?現(xiàn)在幾點了? 時刻表達(dá)法:順讀法和逆讀法。 (1)順讀法:“鐘點+分鐘”直接讀數(shù)字。 (2)逆讀法:借助介詞past或to表示,要先說分再說鐘點。 a.當(dāng)分鐘不超過30分鐘時(包括30分鐘),即<或=30,用past表示。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:“分鐘+past+整點” 意為“幾點過幾分”。 b.當(dāng)超過30分鐘時,即>30,用to表示。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:“所差分鐘(即60—所 過分鐘數(shù))+to+下一個整點”,to譯成“差”,差幾分鐘到幾點。 c.當(dāng)分鐘為30分鐘用half表示,當(dāng)分鐘為15分鐘用a quarter。 2、always 總是>usually 通常>often常常>sometime 有時 3、watch+tv、球賽 “觀看,觀賞”,特指長時間注視。 see+電影、醫(yī)生 “看見”,強調(diào)看的結(jié)果。 look “看”,強調(diào)看的動作,look后接賓語時要用介詞at。 read+書刊、雜志 “閱讀” 4、listen to +賓語 6、take a shower “淋浴” 7、eat breakfast 吃早餐 5、go to +地點名詞 如:go to school go+地點副詞 如:go home unit 3 how do you get to school? 一、本單元知識點總結(jié) 1.get to school 到校 2.take the subway 乘地鐵 3.take the train 坐火車 4.leave for 到……地方去,離開去某地 5.take…to…把……帶到…… 6. most students 大多數(shù)學(xué)生 7. from…to…從……到…… 8.think of 想到,想起 9.ride bikes 騎自行車 10.in other parts of the world 在世界的其他地方 11. how far 多遠(yuǎn) (路程、距離) 12.how long多長(時間) 13.take the train to school 乘火車去上學(xué) 14.in places 在一些地方 15.go to school by boat乘船去上學(xué) 16.on the school bus乘坐校車 17.be different from和……不同 18.one 11-year old boy 一個十一歲大的男孩 二、重點知識詳解 1.take +a/an/the+表示交通工具的名詞,乘……去某地,是動詞短語,在句中作謂語。 he takes the train. take the subway乘地鐵 take a walk散步 take a shower洗個澡 take a rest休息一會 take a seat 坐下 take some medicine 吃藥 2.by+表示交通工具的單數(shù)名詞或on/in+ a/an/the/one’s+表示交通工具的單數(shù)名詞,是介詞短語作方式狀語。 i get to school by bike. = i get to school on my bike. 3.walk/ride/drive/fly+to+地點名詞,步行/騎自行車/開車/坐飛機去某地 表示乘交通工具方式可以互換表達(dá)相同的意義: take the bus to school=go to school by bus=go to school on a bus drive a car to work=go to work by car=go to work in a car fly to shanghai=go to shanghai by plane/air=take the/a plane to shanghai=go to shanghai on a/an/the plane. 4.get表示“到達(dá)”,后接名詞需加to,接地點副詞不加to. reach 給示到達(dá),是及物動詞,其后直接接賓語。 arrive in+大地點 arrive at +小地點 后接副詞不需介詞。 5. it takes sb some money/time to do sth.花費某人多少時間/錢做某事 sb pay some money for sth 某人為某物花費多少錢 sb spend some time/money on sth 某人在做某事或某物上花費時間/錢sb spend some time/ money (in)doing sth sth cost sb some money 某物花費某人多少錢 6. how far is it from a to b?=how far is b from a? 答語有兩種:w ww._ kb 1.c om (1) it’s…meters/miles/kilometers(away)有……米/英里/千米(遠(yuǎn)) (2) it ‘s about ten minutes’ walk/ ride. 大約有十分鐘步行/騎車的路程。 7have to 后加動詞原形,側(cè)重客觀的需要,有“不得不,被迫”之意,有多種時態(tài)形式,否定式為don’t have to(needn’t)意為“不必”。 must 側(cè)重于說話者的主觀看法,認(rèn)為有必要或有義務(wù)做某事,只有現(xiàn)在時一種形式,否定式must’t意為“一定不要,不允許,禁止”反意詞為“needn’t”。 8.感謝用語:thank you very much , thanks a lot , many thanks. 三、語法歸納 (一)how 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句 1.how 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句提問交通方式,其答語分三種情況: a. take a/an/the+交通工具(單數(shù)) b. by+交通工具(單數(shù)) c. on/in+限定詞+交通工具 2. how far 用來提問距離,多遠(yuǎn),其答語分為兩種: (1)用長度單位表示:it is five kilometers. (2)用時間表示:it’s twenty minutes’ walk. 3.how long 用來提問時間,意為多久回答常用“for+段時”。 ----how long have you learnt english? ----for 3 years. how soon 用來提問做完某事還需要多長時間, 常用于將來時態(tài)時, 常用“in+時間段”來回答。 ――how soon will you arrive in beijing? ----in 3 hours. unit 4 don’t eat in class 肯定的祈使句: (1) 實義動詞原形+其他; (2) be動詞原形+形容詞+其他; (3) let sb do sth. 否定的祈使句: (1) don’t+實義動詞+原形; (2) don’t be+形容詞+其他; (3) don’t let sb do sth (4) no+ving. 練:(1) my mother said to me, “tom, _______ in bed.” a. not read b. doesn’t read c. don’t read d. didn’t read (2) don’t __________ (fight). = no __________ (fight). 2. 不要遲到:don’t arrive late. = don’t be late. (arrive = be) 上課/上學(xué)不要遲到:don’t arrive (be) late for class/school. 3. 主語省略(無主語):don’t arrive late for class. 主語不省略(有主語):we can’t arrive ;ate for class. 4. 在學(xué)校我們必須穿校服:we have to wear uniforms at school. 句型:不得不/必須做某事:have to do sth 否定:不必做某事:don’t have to do sth 穿校服:單數(shù):wear a uniform 復(fù)數(shù):wear uniforms a. can b. may c. must d. have to 5. 在我家里有太多的規(guī)矩:i have too many rules in my house. 詞組:太多…:too many… 6. 我從來沒有任何快樂:i never have any fun. (never譯為“從來沒有”,表示否定,否定句中表示“任何,一些”,用any) 7. 不要大聲說話:don’t talk loudly. 請大聲說:speak loudly, please. 8. 他擅長于唱歌:he is good at singing. 句型:擅長于做某事:be good at doing sth 9. 表示“地點”的詞組: (1) 在教室里:in the classroom 在課堂上:in class (2) 在走廊上:in the hallways 在學(xué)校里:at school = in school 10. 表示“時間”的詞組: (1) 下課后:after class 放學(xué)后:after school (2) 在上學(xué)的白天/晚上:on school days/nights 比較:at night (3) 到晚上10點鐘之前:by 10 o’clock p.m. 11. (1) with 和; 如:he lives in beijing with my parents. (不能用and) (2) with 戴著; 如:do you know the fat man with a hat? (不能用wears) (3) with 有著; 如:it’s an old house with a beautiful garden. (不能用has) unit5 why do you like pandas? 1. –讓我們先去看考拉。-- let’s see the koalas first. (first翻譯為“首先”) –你為什么最喜歡考拉?-- why do you like koalas best? (best翻譯為“最”) --因為它們很可愛。-- because they are very cute. 句型:讓某人做某事:let sb do sth 2. –你為什么不喜歡老虎?-- why don’t you like tigers? --因為它們有點嚇人。-- because they are kind of scary. ① 在此處,表示“不”,只要在do后加not即可。 ② 有點…:kind of+形容詞 = a little+形容詞 3. 你還喜歡別的什么動物? what other animals do you like? (后有animals, other不加s) 你喜歡和別的年輕人工作嗎? do you like to work with other young people? this isn’t my sweater. it’s __________ (you). are all these children __________ (you)? 4. 他是一個8歲的男孩:he is an 8-year-old boy. (后有名詞boy, 用連字符,year用原形) 他8歲:he is 8 years old. (后無名詞boy, 不用連字符,歲數(shù)大于1,year變復(fù)數(shù)) 5. 請保持安靜:please be quiet. = please keep quiet. (keep譯為“保持”,= be) 6. 他每天通常睡和放松20個小時:he usually sleeps and rela_es 20 hours every day. 每天:every day (要分開) 連在一起的everyday翻譯為“日常的”,是個形容詞。 7. 和某人玩:play with sb (倒翻) 8. 在白天:during the day = in the day 在此處,during = in 9. 在晚上:at night = in the evening 在上學(xué)的晚上/白天:on school nights/days 10. 吃草:eat grass 吃葉子:eat leaves (leaf的復(fù)數(shù)形式) 吃肉:eat meat 11. 相似單詞比較:(1) 草:grass (不可數(shù),無復(fù)數(shù)) (2) 玻璃:glass 復(fù)數(shù):glasses 眼鏡 12. 漢語:因為…,所以… 英語:because…, so… (不能同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子中) 漢語:雖然…,但是… 英語:though…, but… (只能使用其中一個) 如:_______ tom is tired, _______ he wants to have a food rest. a. because, so b. though, but c. /, so d. /, but 13. (1) first num. 第一; 如:sunday is the first day of a week. (2) first adv. 首先;首先:at first 如:let’s see the koalas first. 14. (1) best adv. 最; 如:why do you like koalas best? (2) best adj. 的; 如:who do you think is the best teacher in your class? 15. (1) very adv. 非常(放在形容詞前); 如:the koalas are very cute. (2) very much 非常(放在動詞后); 如:thank you very much. 16. (1) kind(s) of n. 種類; 如:there are many kinds of anmals in the zoo. what kind of noodles would you like? (2) kind of = a little adv. 有點;(無形式變化) 如:he is kind of lazy. (3) kind adj. 和藹的,友善的; 如:it’s kind of you to help me with my english. 17. 樹葉:leaf 復(fù)數(shù):leaves 變化規(guī)則:去f加ves; 18. 小偷:thief 復(fù)數(shù):thieves 變化規(guī)則:去f加ves. unit6 i’m watching tv 1. 現(xiàn)在進行時的結(jié)構(gòu):主語+be+ving. (be動詞和動詞+ing兩者缺一不可) 考題形式:(1) 已知be動詞,考后面的動詞形式(要加ing); (2) 已知后面的動詞+ing, 則前面用be動詞。 如:(1) the boy is _________ (run) with his father. (2) some children are __________ (lie) on the grass. (3) my brother and i are __________ (play) soccer. (4) his sister is __________ (read) a book. 2. --你正在做什么?-- what are you doing? --我正在看電視。-- i’m watching tv. 3. 那聽起來很棒:that sounds great/good. 4. 謝謝你的信和照片:thanks for your letter and the photos. ① 謝謝某東西:thanks for sth ② 句型:謝謝做某事:thanks for doing sth 5. 這是我的一些照片:here are some of my photos. (“一些照片”是“復(fù)數(shù)”,be用are) 這是我的一張全家福照片:here is a photo of my family. (“一張照片”是“單數(shù)”,be用is) 6. 句型:忙于做某事:be busy doing sth 如:his brother is busy _________ (write) stories in his room. 7. 表示“活動”的“動詞詞組” ① 做家庭作業(yè):do one’s homework ② 打掃房間:clean the room ③ 吃晚飯:eat dinner ④ 打電話:talk on the phone = make a telephone call ⑤ 看書/看報/看雜志:read books, read newspapers, read magazines ⑥ (學(xué)生)上課:have an english class (老師)上課:give an english class ⑦ 舉行晚會:have an evening party ⑧ 和某人說再見:say goodbye to sb 8. 在購物中心:at the mall 在游泳池:at the (swimming) pool 在學(xué)校:at school 在體育館里:in the gym 9. 在第一張照片中:in the first photo 在第二張照片中:in the second photo 在下一張照片中:in the ne_t photo 在最后一張照片中:in the last photo 10. 等汽車:wait for the bus 在汽車站等(某人):wait (for sb) at the bus stop 11. 我的兄弟和我:my brother and i (要把“我”放在后面) 12. (身體)好,健康:well = fine 如:-- how is your mother? -- she is _______. 13. 活動:activity 復(fù)數(shù):activities (以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,去y加ies) 玩具:toy 復(fù)數(shù):toys (以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的,直接加s) 14. (1) 也:also 用于“肯定句的句中”; (2) 也:too 用于“肯定句的句末,前加逗號”; (3) 也:either 用于“否定句的句末,前加逗號”。 15. (1) show n. 節(jié)目;如:tv show, sports show, game show, talk show (2) show v. 給…看;如:can you show me your family photo? i’ll show you the way. (3) show v. 表演;如:can you show us beijing opear? 一般現(xiàn)在時 the simple present tense 一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài) ;表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作;表示主語具備的性格和能力等。例如: 1、he is twelve. 他十二歲。2、i go to school at seven every day. 3、they speak japanese. 一般現(xiàn)在時常和表示時間頻度的副詞連用。如:often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever等。 1. i often read books in the evening. 2. do they usually go to school by bike? 3. he doesn’t like milk. he never drinks it. 4. sometimes my mother gets back at five. 一般現(xiàn)在時常和以下時間表達(dá)法連用。如:in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night, every day, on sunday(s), at seven 等。 do they have math in the morning? she sleeps nine hours every night. it takes me two hours to do my homework every day. they don’t have classes on sundays. 它有三種形式: 一、謂語是be的一般現(xiàn)在時。 1、肯定形式是:主語+be+表語(形容詞、名詞充當(dāng)表語)。 2、否定形式是:主語+be+not+表語(形容詞、名詞充當(dāng)表語)。 3、一般疑問句是:be+主語+表語(形容詞、名詞充當(dāng)表語)? 肯定回答是:yes,主語+be. 否定回答是:no, 主語+ be+not. 4、特殊疑問句是:特殊疑問詞+be開頭的一般疑問句? 注意:be要隨著主語變。 二、謂語是情態(tài)動詞can/may.....+動詞原形的一般現(xiàn)在時。 1、肯定形式是:主語+情態(tài)動詞can/may.....+動詞原形+賓語。 2、否定形式是:主語+情態(tài)動詞can/may.....+not+動詞原形+賓語。 3、一般疑問句是:情態(tài)動詞can/may.....++動詞原形+主語+賓語。 肯定回答是:yes,主語+情態(tài)動詞. 否定回答是:no, 主語+ 情態(tài)動詞+not. 4、特殊疑問句是:特殊疑問詞+情態(tài)動詞can/may.....開頭的一般疑問句? 注意:情態(tài)動詞can/may.....+動詞原形。 三、謂語動詞是實義動詞及物動詞或不及物動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時。 1、肯定形式是:“主語+及物動詞+賓語”或“主語+不及物動詞”。 2、否定形式是:“主語+don't/doesn't+及物動詞+賓語”或 “主語+don't/doesn't+不及物動詞”。 3、一般疑問句是:“do/does+主語+及物動詞原形+賓語”或 “do/does+主語+不及物動詞原形”。 肯定回答是:yes,主語+do/does. 否定回答是:no, 主語+ don't/doesn't. 4、特殊疑問句是:特殊疑問詞+do/does開頭的一般疑問句? 注意:根據(jù)主語確定用do還是does。 ? 動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成:(用于第三人稱單數(shù)、可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞的一般現(xiàn)在時中) 1、直接加--s look—looks read—reads play—plays stop—stops 2. 在字母s, _,ch,sh,o后加--es miss—misses fi_—fi_es watch—watches wash—washes go—goes do--does 3. 輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞變y為i,再加-es carry–carries study–studies hurry–hurries cry–cries 4.特殊的 have -- has 現(xiàn)在進行時 (1)構(gòu)成形式:be動詞+動詞的ing形式 這里強調(diào)一點,兩者缺少其中任何一種都不可以構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進行時。 (2)現(xiàn)在進行時表示動作正在進行或事情正在發(fā)生。 (3)有用的依據(jù):一個句子中既有be動詞,又有動詞,且動詞加了ing ←→ 該句是現(xiàn)在進行時 (4)句中往往有now、look、listen等詞。 動詞現(xiàn)在分詞的變化見下表: 詞尾情況 變化方式 例詞 一般情況 加—ing play玩—playing do做—doing go去—going jump跳—jumping sing唱—singing ski滑雪—skiing see看見--seeing 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾 去e加—ing make做—making take拿到—taking write寫—writing dance跳舞—dancing have有—having close關(guān)—closing 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞,中間只有一個元音字母,詞尾只有一個輔音字母 雙寫最后一個輔音字母再加—ing swim游泳—swimming sit坐—sitting run跑—running get得到—getting put放—putting begin開始—beginning jog慢跑—jogging 同音詞: too---two----to buy---by i---eye four----for there----their right----write sun----son no----know here---hear who’s----whose 近義詞: many----a lot of / lots of large----big desk----table photo---picture lamp----light like----love open----close black----white here----there 完整形式:let’s=let us(讓我們) i’d=i would can’t=can not i’m=i am 詞性變換:one(序數(shù)詞) first monkey(復(fù)數(shù))monkeys skiing(原形)ski is(復(fù)數(shù))are families(單數(shù))family make(現(xiàn)在分詞)making we are(縮略形式)we’re do(第三人稱單數(shù))does have(第三人稱單數(shù))has photo(復(fù)數(shù))photos good(反義詞)bad 做題目時一定要記住: can+動詞原形 like+動詞ing like+名詞復(fù)數(shù) play+足球類 play the +樂器類 how many +名詞復(fù)數(shù) would like +to+動詞原形 let’s+動詞原形 現(xiàn)在進行時:be(am,is,are)+動詞ing 動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式
【第3篇 初一下冊英語知識點總結(jié)滬教版
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):
1.學(xué)會描述并談?wù)撎鞖?/p>
2.描述正在發(fā)生的事情-----學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在進行時的用法
3.學(xué)會描述在不同的天氣背景下能做什么
4. 表達(dá)自己對天氣的喜好并說明原因
語言功能:
描述天氣,描述正在發(fā)生的動作
語言目標(biāo):
how’s the weather? it’s raining.
how’s it going? it’s great.
is aunt sarah there? yes, she is.
what’s she doing? she’s cooking.
語言結(jié)構(gòu):
how 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句
yes/ no 問句及簡短回答
現(xiàn)在進行時的用法
重點詞匯:
raining, sunny, cloudy, snowing, windy, cold, hot, cool, warm, humid, cooking, playing, watching, studying
學(xué)習(xí)策略與思維技巧:言語配合,調(diào)用已知信息
多元智能:人際交往,邏輯表述,肢體表達(dá)能力
一.短語:
1 take photos/ pictures 照像
2 take photos/ pictures of sb/ sth 給某人或某物照相
3 have a good timehave funhave a great tame 玩得愉快
4 work for sb / sth 為某人工作 eg: yuan yuan works for cctv’s around the world show
5 on vacation 度假 eg: there are many people here on vacation.
6 some…others… 一些…另外一些… one…the others…一個…另一個…(兩者之間)
eg: there are many students in the classroom. some are writing, others are reading.
7 put on 穿上(動作) wear 穿著(狀態(tài)) eg: tom is putting on his coat now.
8 on the beach 在沙灘上 eg: tom and his family are playing on the beach at this moment.
9 this group of people 這一群人
10. in this heat
二.重點句型
1.how is the weather? 天氣怎么樣? in the raining. 在下雨。
2.what are you doing? 你正在做什么? i'm watching tv. 我在看電視。
3.what are they doing? 他們在做什么? they are studying. 他們在學(xué)習(xí)。
4.what is he doing? 他在做什么? he is playing basketball . 他在打籃球。
5.what is she doing ? 她在做什么? she is cooking . 她在做飯。
三.重難點解析
1、 詢問天氣情況的句式:(橫線內(nèi)容可替換)
① how is the weather in beijing? (how is the weather today?)
② what’s the weather like in beijing? ( what’s the weather like today?)
2、 回答上面問題的句式:
①it’s + adj. (形容詞) eg: it’s windy.
3 、how’s it going (with you)? ① not bad. ② great! ③ terrible! ④ pretty good.
4、 thank you for joining cctv’s around the word show.
5、 i am surprised they can play in this heat.
6、 everyone is having a good time.
7、 people are wearing hats and scarfs.
① wear 指穿衣服的狀態(tài)。 ② put on 指穿衣服的動作。please put on your old clothes
四.談?wù)撎鞖獾娜粘S谜Z
1. it’s sunny/rainy/cloudy. 今天是晴天/雨天/陰天。
2. lovely weather, isn’t it? 天氣真好,是嗎?
3. it looks like rain. 看起來要下雨。
4. it’s raining cats and dogs. 正是瓢潑大雨。
5. it seems to be cleaning up. 天似乎要轉(zhuǎn)晴。
6. it’s blowing hard. 風(fēng)刮得很大。
7. it’s snowing heavily. 正在下大雪。
8. the snow won’t last long. 雪不會持續(xù)太久。
9. it’s very foggy. 霧很大。
10. the fog is beginning to lift. 正在收霧。
11. it’s thundering and lightening. 雷電交加。
12. what’s the weather like today? 今天天氣怎么樣?
13. what’s the weather report for tomorrow? 天氣預(yù)報明天怎么樣?
14. it’s quite different from the weather report. 這和天氣預(yù)報相差很大。
15. it’s rather changeable. 天氣變化無常。
16. what’s the temperature? 溫度是多少?
17. it’s two below zero. 零下二度。
18. the temperature has dropped a lot today. 今天溫度低多了。
【第4篇 人教版初一下冊英語知識點總結(jié)
unit 1: how often do you e_ercise? 復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo) 會使用頻率副詞及短語; 能描述課余時間的活動安排; 會描述基本飲食結(jié)構(gòu)。 語言目標(biāo) ● what do you usually do on weekends? i sometimes go to the beach. ● how often do you eat vegetables? every day. ● most students do homework every day. 重點詞匯 ● always, usually , often, sometimes , hardly , ever, never. ● how often, once , twice , three times a week , every day. ● milk, junk food, health, unhealthy, habit, e_ercise, most, result, try, different maybe, although, arm, foot, tooth, ear, eye, advice, thirsty ,forget, finish, plan . 應(yīng)掌握的詞組 1. go to the movies 去看電影 2. look after = take care of 照顧 4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式 5. go skate boarding 去劃板 6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康 7. e_ercise=take(much)e_ercise=do sports鍛煉 8. eating habits 飲食習(xí)慣 9. take more e_ercise 做更多的運動 10. the same as 與什么相同 11. be different from 不同 12. once a month一月一次 13. twice a week一周兩次 14. make a difference to 對什么有影響 15. how often 多久一次 16. although = though雖然 17. most of the students=most students 18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 購物 19. as for至于 20. activity survey活動調(diào)查 21. do homework做家庭作業(yè) 22. do house work做家務(wù)事 23. eat less meat吃更少的肉 24. junk food垃圾食物 25. be good for 對什么有益 26. be bad for對什么有害 27. want to do sth 想做某事 28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事 29. try to do sth 盡量做某事 31. of course = certainly = sure當(dāng)然 32. get good grades取得好成績 33. some advice 34. hardly=not nearly / almost not幾乎不 35. keep/be in good health保持健康 36.be stressed緊張的,有壓力的 37. take a vacation 去度假 48.get back 回來